365 research outputs found
UrbanFM: Inferring Fine-Grained Urban Flows
Urban flow monitoring systems play important roles in smart city efforts
around the world. However, the ubiquitous deployment of monitoring devices,
such as CCTVs, induces a long-lasting and enormous cost for maintenance and
operation. This suggests the need for a technology that can reduce the number
of deployed devices, while preventing the degeneration of data accuracy and
granularity. In this paper, we aim to infer the real-time and fine-grained
crowd flows throughout a city based on coarse-grained observations. This task
is challenging due to two reasons: the spatial correlations between coarse- and
fine-grained urban flows, and the complexities of external impacts. To tackle
these issues, we develop a method entitled UrbanFM based on deep neural
networks. Our model consists of two major parts: 1) an inference network to
generate fine-grained flow distributions from coarse-grained inputs by using a
feature extraction module and a novel distributional upsampling module; 2) a
general fusion subnet to further boost the performance by considering the
influences of different external factors. Extensive experiments on two
real-world datasets, namely TaxiBJ and HappyValley, validate the effectiveness
and efficiency of our method compared to seven baselines, demonstrating the
state-of-the-art performance of our approach on the fine-grained urban flow
inference problem
Multi-source Semantic Graph-based Multimodal Sarcasm Explanation Generation
Multimodal Sarcasm Explanation (MuSE) is a new yet challenging task, which
aims to generate a natural language sentence for a multimodal social post (an
image as well as its caption) to explain why it contains sarcasm. Although the
existing pioneer study has achieved great success with the BART backbone, it
overlooks the gap between the visual feature space and the decoder semantic
space, the object-level metadata of the image, as well as the potential
external knowledge. To solve these limitations, in this work, we propose a
novel mulTi-source sEmantic grAph-based Multimodal sarcasm explanation scheme,
named TEAM. In particular, TEAM extracts the object-level semantic meta-data
instead of the traditional global visual features from the input image.
Meanwhile, TEAM resorts to ConceptNet to obtain the external related knowledge
concepts for the input text and the extracted object meta-data. Thereafter,
TEAM introduces a multi-source semantic graph that comprehensively characterize
the multi-source (i.e., caption, object meta-data, external knowledge) semantic
relations to facilitate the sarcasm reasoning. Extensive experiments on a
public released dataset MORE verify the superiority of our model over
cutting-edge methods.Comment: Accepted by ACL 2023 main conferenc
Positioning, Planning and Operation of Emergency Response Resources and Coordination between Jurisdictions
Railroad related rail incidents, particularly those involving hazardous material (hazmat), cause severe consequences and pose significant threats to safety, public health and the environment. Rail safety is a huge issue in Midwestern states such as Illinois, Wisconsin, and Minnesota. This project aims at strategically positioning and allocating emergency responders and resources in anticipation of potential accidents in a region that may be impacted by rail incidents. Mathematical models and solution techniques are developed to enable systematic analysis of the emergency response system associated with railroad incidents; e.g., to strategically position and allocate emergency responders and resources in anticipation of potential accidents along spatially distributed railroad networks. We consider the added complexity due to vulnerability of the emergency response system itself, such as the risk of disruptions to the transportation network for first-responders (e.g., blockage of railroad crossings). The outcomes from these tasks will provide fundamental understanding, operational guidelines, and practical tools to policy makers (e.g., federal and state agencies) to induce socio-economically favorable system that support safe and efficient railroad industry operations
Dynamic Simulations on the Arachidonic Acid Metabolic Network
Drug molecules not only interact with specific targets, but also alter the state and function of the associated biological network. How to design drugs and evaluate their functions at the systems level becomes a key issue in highly efficient and low–side-effect drug design. The arachidonic acid metabolic network is the network that produces inflammatory mediators, in which several enzymes, including cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), have been used as targets for anti-inflammatory drugs. However, neither the century-old nonsteriodal anti-inflammatory drugs nor the recently revocatory Vioxx have provided completely successful anti-inflammatory treatment. To gain more insights into the anti-inflammatory drug design, the authors have studied the dynamic properties of arachidonic acid (AA) metabolic network in human polymorphous leukocytes. Metabolic flux, exogenous AA effects, and drug efficacy have been analyzed using ordinary differential equations. The flux balance in the AA network was found to be important for efficient and safe drug design. When only the 5-lipoxygenase (5-LOX) inhibitor was used, the flux of the COX-2 pathway was increased significantly, showing that a single functional inhibitor cannot effectively control the production of inflammatory mediators. When both COX-2 and 5-LOX were blocked, the production of inflammatory mediators could be completely shut off. The authors have also investigated the differences between a dual-functional COX-2 and 5-LOX inhibitor and a mixture of these two types of inhibitors. Their work provides an example for the integration of systems biology and drug discovery
Hybrid CuCoO-GO enables ultrasensitive detection of antibiotics with enhanced laser desorption/ionization at nano-interfaces
The soaring concerns globally on antibiotic overuse have made calls for the development of rapid and sensitive detection methods urgent. Here we report that the hybrid CuCoO-GO matrix allows for sensitive detection of various antibiotics in combination with MALDI TOF MS. The new matrix is composed of few-layered GO nanosheets decorated with CuCoO nanoparticles with an average size of 10 nm, and exhibits excellent aqueous suspensibility. Accurate quantitation of the sulfonamide antibiotics in milk samples have been demonstrated using a CuCoO-GO matrix and a stable isotope (C13)-labeled analyte as the internal standard. Our experiments have achieved lower limits of detection (LOD) by several hundred fold for the detection of a panel of representative antibiotics, in comparison with the literature reports. Both intrabacterial and extrabacterial residual antibiotics can be sensitively detected with our method. We have further investigated the molecular mechanism of the enhanced desorption/ionization efficiency by the CuCoO-GO matrix with synchrotron radiation techniques for the first time. This work provides a sensitive matrix enabling MALDI-TOF MS to be applied in small molecular analysis, but also presents a distinct perspective on the mechanism behind the material functions
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